The following article, describing some of the possible consequences of the wave theory appeared in Frontier Perspectives [1996] 6(1):41-47 (published by The Center for Frontier Science at Temple University). The article was modified slightly for this presentation. This article only introduces the subject. For much more, including experiments on how nature controls gravity and utilizes free energy, see the book Waves in Dark Matter on the Main Page. This article posted with permission from Frontier Perspectives.

SUMMARY AND ORIENTATION

During the past nine years I have found and analyzed waves (W- waves) that seem to pervade everything. These waves seem to interact with ordinary matter to control charge location, matter displacement, life organization, and provide communication.

The variable velocities found for these waves may provide better and more versatile means of communication throughout the universe. These waves may travel many times faster than light under the proper conditions since they appear to be non- electromagnetic. They may provide communication with the most remote locations within reasonable times. I hypothesize that these waves provide a dominant means of communication for the universe and thus, so far, we have been unable to detect other than human communications. I have detected organized signals coming from W-wave detectors that may have originated from deep space. These waves might also provide for action at a distance under the proper conditions.

The formation and stability of the solar system and the macroscopic structure of the universe seem to be provided by these waves. Measurement of gravity cancellation affects in plants as well as other interactions with gravity suggest the possibility of gravity control with the proper application of these waves.

These waves also seem to provide a template or pattern for the development of all life and thus life developed in spite of the fundamental second law of thermodynamics. The second law is a physical law that states that a system left to itself tends toward disorganization. I present some of my 1996 data that shows that plant structures tend to grow at certain preferred angles to the gravitational field providing another example of how these waves work.

These versatile waves may explain many of the controversial anomalous phenomena found on earth such as dowsing, mental telepathy, acupuncture, person to person healing, communication between plants and between plants and humans, and other related phenomena. The work reported here suggests to me that these phenomena may be feasible as W-wave phenomena.

REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK

In 1988 I discovered waves in plants. I called them W-waves because they were first observed in live wood¹. These waves travel throughout plants. I also found these waves were present in other materials such as salt solution filled pourous materials and likely all matter everywhere since I have detected them everywhere I have searched. I found that W-waves also travel between plants and facilitate plant communication². If I wounded one plant I found an almost immediate response in nearby plants. Preliminary data even suggests communication between salt solution filled wood samples (unpublished).

The smallest velocities for the waves carrying the information seem to be close to 480 cm/s between plants and 96 cm/s within plant tissue². In 1994 I discovered that larger W-wave velocities exist in plants which are integral multiples of 96 cm/s (velocity switching). Some of this latter work is published in (1996) Physiological Chemistry and Physics 28:173-196³.

Over the past nine years I measured many thousands of plant internodal spacings (spacings between leaves and branches) and took distributions. The distributions demonstrated that plant spacings are discrete (quantized) with most spacings repeating from plant species to plant species indicating wave behavior. The evidence suggests that many standing W-wave frequencies with their special characteristics determine plant structure (see Figure 1 and elementary physics texts for information on standing waves). There are only certain discrete frequencies or modes available and plants grow accordingly. I compared these affects to sound standing waves placing dust piles at nodes in a dust filled resonating sound tube (Kundt's tube)⁴. W-waves similarly seem to move matter (including charge) to standing wave nodes if the matter is free to move.

In 1993 I studied plant internodal spacings in the vicinity of an electric power substation. I found that certain electric field amplitudes had large affects on the distributions of plant spacings. The spread of frequencies (standard deviations) was reduced considerably in several cases. I also studied the production of W-wave frequency signals in the presence of electromagnetic sources in the laboratory. I found, using semiconductor detectors, that certain characteristic W-wave frequencies are produced which are also commonly found in the analysis of plant spacings.

It appears that certain electromagnetic fields alter the W-wave amplitudes of certain discrete W-wave modes that are available to plants in the W-wave medium. Discrete modes having higher amplitudes apparently cause plants to grow with an altered set of permitted discrete spacings⁵. Note that the excited modes are much different than the EM frequencies exciting them. The data here suggest that energy is absorbed from electromagnetic fields by the W-wave medium⁵.
Using small accelerometers in small holes in vertical tree trunks I found a large reduction in the gravitational field when sap was flowing. I also hung weights in holes in slightly leaning trees with weight loss indicated during sap flow periods^6,7. These affects indicate that forces are present that cancel gravity to facilitate sap flow. These forces may be reproducible outside of plants. Large voltages in insulated diodes placed in sap conducting tree tissue indicate a large W-wave intensity in trees⁸.

WAVE COSMOLOGY

In 1990 I proposed that the sunspot cycle is due to the oscillation of slow moving waves in the sun⁹. If the waves traverse the suns radius in 11 years they are traveling at about 1 m/s. This velocity is close to the velocity that I observed for W-waves traveling through salt solution filled wood samples as well as to the velocity of W-waves in live plants. I later identify the waves here as the same species of waves as the waves operating plants.

The planets surrounding the sun are placed such that their distances from the sun is almost doubled for each succeeding planet. The same is true for the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn. This looks like the work of a wave phenomenon where the wave velocity increases exponentially as it travels away from the sun or planets due to a decreasing density of the wave medium. The waves would be very slow moving as they started out from the sun and then speed up as they moved outward.

I hypothesize that the sun (or planets) is oscillating with a period close to that of the sunspot cycle (different for the planets) and producing its own standing wave pattern. This pattern placed most of the planets because matter collected at the wave nodes. The sunspot cycle period appears to vary because sunspots appear much by chance but likely there is an underlying very regular oscillation^5,9.

An equation that does a good job in locating the planets (or satellites of Jupiter and Saturn) is:

where r is the planets distance from the sun, r₀ is close to the sun's present radius (or Jupiter or Saturn's radius when their satellites were placed) and N is an integer. The velocity equation for the proposed waves would be:

where v_N is the wave velocity at a particular planet's location v₀ is a constant. These equations can be derived from assuming that the wave medium density drops off as about 1/r² as one moves radially away from the sun. The 1/r² density dependence is also found for dark matter (to be discussed later) halos around galaxies¹⁰. The waves here, like plant waves, are longitudinal waves like sound waves⁵.

I call my view of the universe "wave cosmology". This viewpoint solves many problems. For example the solar system is stable because a standing wave pattern produced by the sun's oscillation is always in place with a tendency to hold ordinary matter (like the planets) at nodes. Planetary rings are stable because they result from special matter confining standing waves. These special standing waves arise because of planet layering discontinuities which reflect w-waves and produce added planetary oscillation frequencies. Planetary ring structure thus provides information about internal planetary structure⁵.

W-wave standing wave affects show on earth in different places besides plants and solution filled porous materials. As stated earlier W-waves seem to be both matter and charge displacing waves. W-waves seem to be standing wave prone because they reflect back on themselves easily. I found (an ongoing experiment) naturally occurring nodes in flotage in troughs half filled with water lying along an East and West line. The moving flotage was protected from atmospheric affects. For flotage I use styrofoam particles and wood sawdust soaked in hot paraffin. When floating on the water surface these particles seem to collect more at specific locations due to the standing waves present apparently everywhere.

I found equally spaced locations, where flotage tended to collect more, were produced artificially in flotage in a trough by oscillating vacuum tubes at one end of the trough (9 cm node spacing in one case using a 400 khz oscillator) . I attribute the latter affects to electromagnetic fields exciting slow moving wave modes in the W-wave medium as discussed earlier. Note that a 9 cm node spacing is a half wavelength for 26.7 Hz traveling at 480 cm/s in air. 26.7 Hz is a common plant frequency derived from plant internodal spacings.

A good explanation for the results from the so called fifth force experiments of physicists of the 1980's is that the forces observed are forces varying sinusoidally due to large W-wave standing wave patterns¹¹. The observed forces confused the researchers because they tried to fit the behavior into their fifth force hypothesis so most of the work was discontinued because the data didn't make sense with their hypothesis. The so called corrections to gravity seemed to vary sinusoidally as would be expected with forces produced by standing waves⁵. Both attractive and repulsive and vertical and horizontal forces were observed but none of those experimenting with the so called fifth force attempted to locate the nodal points as would have been done if the experiments had been carried out on the basis of the W-wave hypothesis.

W-waves' subtle affects may be manifest in places one would not suspect. As already stated W-waves tend to deposit matter at different locations because there is a W-wave standing wave pattern present. Some of the supposedly air deposited unexplained periodic formations on sand dunes may be due to resonating W- waves rather than due purely to air affects. Even some of the repeating patterns observed in clouds may be due to W-wave standing wave affects.

W-WAVES AND THE DARK MATTER MEDIUM

It has been observed that plants grow anywhere including anywhere on and within the earth. The waves that run plants seem to come from outside the plants because they appear to arise from electromagnetic excitation affects, the sun, and the planets⁵. This suggests that plant waves must penetrate the earth if plants grow inside. I found the same W-wave frequencies and amplitudes deep underground in plants that I measured on the surface of the earth².

The hypothesized dark matter seems to penetrate everything in the universe¹². W-waves apparently travel through dark matter alone in the vacuum of the solar system and space and through a combination of dark matter and ordinary matter. The most important medium to W-waves appears to be dark matter. Thus W- waves appear to be waves traveling in dark matter that penetrates ordinary matter. In the dark matter-filled ordinary matter the density of the ordinary matter appears to be important to the W- wave velocity (see all the Wagner references). This suggests an interaction between ordinary matter and dark matter. I have already mentioned that the oscillations of W-waves in plant material seems to organize charge so that we see periodicity in the organization of charge in plants¹. Charge is the only thing other than dark matter that is relatively free to move through ordinary matter.

W-waves in plants, in the sun, and the waves placing the planets, satellites of planets, or the waves stabilizing planetary rings likely are of the same species. No other slow moving matter penetrating waves are known. The observed slow moving waves on earth and around the sun must have a medium. The vacuum around the sun is apparently filled with dark matter which makes up more than 90% of our universe¹². This is the only possible known vacuum medium for the waves that I describe. Elsewhere combinations of dark matter and ordinary matter are the media.

If dark matter waves cancel gravity in plants as I found^6,7 then one can only estimate the total influence that dark matter had on the early placement of matter in the solar system. The plant work indicates that dark matter waves interact strongly with gravity in ways that make dark matter very unique in its interactions with ordinary matter^6,7. Dark matter with its waves likely had a very large previously unrecognized influence on the formation of our solar system and other similar systems throughout our universe because of interactions with ordinary matter and the gravitational field. The wave cosmology theory and data confirms this strong influence.

The velocity of W-waves in ordinary matter (with dark matter present) seems to be inversely proportional to the square root of the density of the medium if one leaves out velocity switching discussed earlier. Compare this with the density dependence for the speed of sound in solids (see elementary physics texts). Taking into account velocity switching³, I speculate that much higher velocities than what I have observed so far are likely in plants and elsewhere.

In the W-wave theory I propose that dark matter absorbs both electromagnetic and kinetic energy under the proper circumstances (note that I have observed that electromagnetic energy excites W- wave modes requiring energy)⁵. Because dark matter absorbs energy the sun's interior may be cooled by W-waves carrying away energy. The neutrino flux could thus be reduced to about 1/3 of its predicted value in agreement with actual measurements¹². Dark matter may absorb electromagnetic energy to produce the red shift in space and dense dark matter may absorb kinetic energy from bodies orbiting pulsars, for example.

I characterize dark matter more than anyone else so far. I think I have considerable evidence for my hypotheses, however (all the Wagner references). Thus dark matter is apparently made up of electrically neutral small particles with a high numerical density able to move rather freely through the comparatively large open spaces in ordinary matter (baryonic matter)¹². Since dark matter waves (W-waves) are apparently able to move charge¹ we can estimate that its particles are of the order of the same size as electrons or maybe smaller. Compare this with the case of air molecules in the Kundt's tube sound experiment; air molecules are much smaller than the dust particles being displaced to node locations¹ (see elementary physics texts). The dark matter particles are slow moving particles since waves in them are slow moving in a dense medium (see elementary physics texts on waves).

When the numerical density of dark matter particles becomes small W-waves can speed up because of a larger mean free path between particles. I hypothesize that if the density is small enough without ordinary matter present, since the medium particles are apparently non-electromagnetic and may not obey the special relativity rules, W-waves can speed up to velocities many times the speed of light. The basis for this statement is that I hypothesize a requirement for immediate communication with all parts of the universe and that the universe is organized periodically over very long distances¹³.

W-waves appear to be reflected by changes in density of the media through which they travel, by plant boundaries and other boundaries, and by just ordinary matter with no obvious boundaries as when their modes have been excited by electromagnetic waves as mentioned earlier.

I have observed organized signals, using a W-wave detector, perhaps coming from deep space intelligence. The received signal, in one case, appeared to be a series of distributions⁵. W-waves may be more suited than EM waves for space communications because of possible very high variable velocities, noise immunity, and matter penetration.

In the following I report some interesting results from my work in the summer of 1996 that show that plant structures tend to grow at certain specific angles to the gravitational field. This data supplements the already large evidence that I have gathered that plants are quantized and operated by W-waves.

QUANTIZED PLANT ANGLES

For the past several years I have been intrigued by small diameter tree branches that seem to grow out from certain trees at fixed angles to the horizontal. It appears that the plants have been correcting the angle of growth so that a branch remains straight otherwise it would have drooped. I have seen branches that seem to maintain a specific angle for several meters with the initial branch diameter no more than 3 centimeters or so. This last summer I decided to check the growth angles of hundreds of these branches where the branch appeared to maintain a specific angle for more than half a meter.

Listed below is a briefing on the results of angle measurements taken from small red alders (Alnus rubra). I also took confirming data from big leaf maples (Acer macrophylla), and Douglas firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and some other species to be published elsewhere.

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

Measurements were taken within a two mile radius of the laboratory. I chose branches where the initial diameter varied from a centimeter to two centimeters or I chose sections of branches where part of the branch maintained a specific angle for a half meter or more. I also measured some tree trunk angles on small red alders (three centimeters in diameter at the largest) where the leaning trunk appeared to grow straight for a meter or more. I used a simple #36 Polycast protractor to measure the angles for Figure 2 (I also used a digital readout level as a check). This instrument had a base 10.7 cm long so I had to limit my measurements to spacings between secondary branches and leaves that were longer than 10.7 cm. The length of the level base and the accessibility of branches and trunks limited what angles I could measure. I could only measure angles where I did not need to disturb the branch or trunk that I was measuring.

In measuring I was careful not to remove leaves or secondary branches that would change the weight of the branch or trunk and thus change the angle. I moved the measuring device base around the branch or trunk to be able to read the minimum angle that the branch or trunk made with the horizontal. Again extreme care was taken not to move the portion of the branch or trunk whose angle was being taken so with the small diameter branches or trunks one could not touch the object being measured without causing some error. Care was taken to take the measurements without wind. This was usually early in the morning.

RESULTS

The results for red alder are shown in Figure 2. Most of the measured angles seem to lie on integral multiples of 5 degrees. 89 % of the 337 red alder measurements (Figure 2) were within 1 degree of integral multiples of 5 degrees.

FIGURE 2. The distribution of 337 slope angles, measured with respect to the horizontal, taken from branches and a few leaning trunks of red alder. The distribution indicates that the measured angles are mostly within 1 degree of integral multiples of five degrees (88%).

DISCUSSION

The results seem to suggest that branches and trunks tend to grow at specific quantized angles to the horizontal. Integral multiples of five degrees seem to be the preferred angles of growth in all measurements made. Only in certain cases was I able to measure angles but these data are sufficient for a sampling to show the near five degree angle quantization.

In my previous work³ I reported different velocities for vertically and horizontally traveling W-waves in plants. Perhaps every angle multiple with reference to the gravitational field has its specific W-wave velocity. Here we are considering an interaction of W-waves with the gravitational field. Previously I mentioned that W-waves interact with electric fields. Thus we have found a way to tie gravitational fields with electric fields. Perhaps W-waves complete the grand unification of the fields or maybe we should say dark matter completes grand unification.

Also we have a tie in with quantum mechanics. Just as quantum mechanics determines the structure of matter, W-wave mechanics seems to determine the structure of plants and likely all life. From the data so far, W-waves seem to provide a rudimentary pattern for plant development since spacings, growth angles, and other quantities are quantized (see all the Wagner references). Probably life development, in general, does not violate the second law of thermodynamics. The evidence suggests that it develops according to a predetermined general pattern provided by the laws of W-wave behavior which I call W-wave mechanics.

REFERENCES

(1) Wagner, O.E. 1988. Wave behavior in plant tissue. Northwest Science 62:263-270.

(2) Wagner, O.E. 1989. W-waves and plant communication. Northwest Science 63:119-128.

(3) Wagner, O.E. 1996. Anisotropy of wave velocities in plants: gravitropism. Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR 28:173-196.

(4) Wagner, O.E. 1990. W-waves and plant spacings. Northwest Science 64:28-38.

(5) Wagner, O.E. 1995. Waves in Dark Matter Rogue River: Wagner Physics Publishing. Chapters 7,8,9,10 and appendix C. (book available from publisher (1-541-582-3335 or oedphd@budget.net or see the Wagner Research Laboratory web page))

(6) Wagner, O.E. 1995. Acceleration changes within living trees. Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR 27:32-44.

(7) Wagner, O.E. 1992. Acceleration changes within plants. Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR 24:29-33.

(8) Wagner, O.E. 1993. Wave energy density in plants. Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR 25:49-54.

(9) Wagner, O.E. 1991. W-Waves and A Wave Universe. Rogue River: Wagner Physics Publishing. Chapter 5.

(10) Tremaine, S. 1992. The dynamical evidence for dark matter. Physics Today 45:28-36.

(11) Schwarzschild, B. 1988. From mine shafts to cliffs-- the 'Fifth Force' remains elusive. Physics Today 41:21-24.

1 (12) Krause, L.M. 1989. The Fifth Essence. The Search for Dark Matter in the Universe. New York: Basic Books Inc. pp. 61-70, 290, 291.

(13) Broadhurst, T.J., R.S. Ellis, D.C. Koo,, and A.S. Szalay. 1990. Large-scale distribution of the galaxies at the galactic poles. Nature 343:726-728.

Last Updated July 2018

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